Vocabulary – 5-words-a-day – ieltswithmelinda

What is the vocabulary for the IELTS test? Well, there is no particular vocabulary. What you need to do is broaden your vocabulary generally so that you can express your ideas more clearly and so that you can understand other people’s ideas.

However, having said that, there is a list of words that is very, very useful for IELTS. And that is the Academic Word List. There are 570 words on the list and they have been divided into 10 sublists of 60 words each (apart form the last one which has fewer words!).

On the cards below you will find groups of five words; bite size pieces! Make sure that you know these words and can use them effectively (by knowing their meanings, their forms and their collocations). This will help your communication immensely!

Academic Word List

SUBLIST 10 – SUMMARY

These are the final words of the Academic Word List. Do you know the meanings? Do you know other forms (verb, noun, adjective, adverb)? Do you know words that these words often appear with?

114 (SUBLIST 10)

Be careful with the word ‘so-called;’ a lot of people use it incorrectly. It means that something is given a name, but the name isn’t suitable. We use the word to criticise something or to be insulting.

Examples:
The so-called experts don’t know more than anyone else.
Her so-called friends didn’t support her when she needed it most.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
reluctance to, a certain reluctance, reluctant to
straightforward solution

Check the meanings of the words if you don’t already know them. Check the meanings of the various forms as sometimes they are different. You can check them at Time4english by clicking the words (http://www.time4english.com/aamain/lounge/awl.asp).

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

She ______________ took the job because she was desperate for money. (undergo, reluctant)
She has to ______________ knee surgery tomorrow. (undergo, reluctant)
The _______________ Climate Policy was in fact nothing more than a pretence. (so-called, whereby)
The solution is _______________; give each person an equal number of hours and they’ll all be happy. (so-called, straightforward)
There is a repayment plan ______________ you pay a small amount for the first few years and then a large amount at the end. It may solve your problem. (whereby, straightforward)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. whereby 3. so-called 2. undergo 1. reluctantly 4. straightforward

113 (SUBLIST 10)

‘Ongoing’ has been in the English language since the late 1800s. It is made from the two words ‘on’ and ‘going.’ The meaning is ‘continuing.’

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
odd shape, oddball
ongoing discussion
a panel from
persistent problem, persistent behaviour, persist in, persist with
pose for, pose with

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

She was very excited because she got to ______________ for a picture with her favourite celebrity. (odd, pose)
She had a very ______________ wart on her finger. It kept growing back. (ongoing, persist)
A _______________ of judges will decide what the punishment should be. (panel, pose)
The neighbours were involved in an _______________dispute. (ongoing, persist)
She was ______________ interested in her neighbours family history. (odd, panel)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. oddly 3. panel 2. persistent 1. pose 4. ongoing

112 (SUBLIST 10)

‘Nonetheless’ was originally three words (none the less) and became one word less than 100 years ago. It has the same meaning as ‘despite that’ or ‘even though.’

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
a levy on
likewise with

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

In the UK the government recently ______________ a bedroom tax on all homeowners. (nonetheless, levy)
When you come into Australia the customs checks are quite tough; ______________ in the US where security is taken very seriously. (likewise, nothwithstanding)
Their different backgrounds _______________ Ahmed and Belinda are both good ambassadors for our cause. (nothwithstanding, invoke)
Economic sanctions are sometimes _______________as a form of control. (likewise, invoke)
Punishments on some crimes are quite minimal, ______________ the crime rate is low. (levy, nonetheless)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. nonetheless 3. notwithstanding 2. likewise 1. levied 4. invoked

111 (SUBLIST 10)

‘Forthcoming’ is quite an old, formal word. It dates back to the 15th century and means ‘coming soon.’ Several hundred years ago there were similar words, but they have all dropped out of use (forthbring, forthcall, forthdo, forthgo, forthpass, forthset). Today it is often used in the context of announcements about books or movies that will be available soon. However, it is generally not in day-to-day conversational use.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
enormity of
forthcoming book
inclined to, uninclined to
integrity of, has integrity
intrinsic to, intrinsic qualities

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

There are a lot of tests done to check the ______________ of the materials. (integrity, enormous)
Some things, like baby animals, are ______________ interesting. (incline, intrinsic)
There are many advance orders for his _______________ book. (intrinsic forthcoming)
When a boss is exploitative, it can have a negative effect on workers who are sometimes _______________to work hard. (integrity, incline)
The workload in this subject is ______________. (enormous, forthcoming)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. enormous 3. forthcoming 2. intrinsically 1. integrity 4. uninclined/inclined

110 (SUBLIST 10)

‘Conceive’ means to create. You can conceive a child and you can conceive an idea. Plans can be well-conceived or ill-conceived. The noun is ‘conception.’ In the sentence below it means ‘idea.’

Until my picture was splashed all over the media I had no conception of what it would be like to have no privacy.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
compilation of, compiled with, compiled by
conception of, conceive to be, ill-conceived plan
only half-convinced of, totally convinced

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

______________ seems to be widespread these days. (depress, conceive)
As a young boy Paul was quite poor and it was ______________ to him that he would one day earn a lot of money. (conceive, depress)
I heard her arguments, but I remained _______________ of her case. (encounter, convince)
Alan first _______________ problems with his car when he drove it out of the sales yard.(compile, encounter)
I made a great ______________ CD for our roadtrip across Australia. (compile, convince)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. compilation 3. unconvinced 2. inconceivable 1. Depression 4. encountered

109 (SUBLIST 10)

‘Albeit’ is a strange word. It means ‘even though.’ It seems to have come from an abbreviation of the words ‘although it be that.’ In the sentences below notice the use of a comma before the word ‘albeit.’

Anna got the promotion, albeit for less money that she had hoped.
George went to the party, albeit reluctantly.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
adjacent to
assembly of
collapse of

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

Spring this year was delightfully warm, ______________ a little wet. (collapse, albeit)
The dining room is ______________ to the kitchen. (adjacent, assemble)
Baby prams and pushers used to be fixed and solid, but these days they are all _______________. (collapse, adjacent)
The whole staff was _______________ and waiting to hear the Director’s announcement about new pay rates. (assemble, colleague)
Miranda met all her new ______________ yesterday and learnt about the duties of the new position. (albeit, colleague)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. colleagues 3. collapsible 2. adjacent 1. albeit 4. assembled

108 (SUBLIST 9)

‘Trigger’ has a different meaning in the verb and noun form. In the noun form it is the part of the gun that you pull to fire a bullet. In the verb form it means to begin a process.

So you can pull the trigger of a gun and you can trigger an event.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
a temp in, temporarily unavailable
trigger point
unification of, unifying factor
violation of, in violation of
vision of

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

The ______________ of Germany occurred in 1989. (unify, vision)
He entered the building in ______________ of their agreement. (violate, temporary)
The lifts are _______________ out of order. (temporary, violate)
The economic crisis was _______________ by the close of the car manufacturing industry.(unify, trigger)
The country now has a ______________ leader. Under his leadership citizens will prosper.(trigger, vision)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. visionary 3. temporarily 2. violation 1. unification 4. triggered

107 (SUBLIST 9)

‘Sphere’ comes originally from a Greek word meaning ‘ball.’ Synonyms for ‘sphere’ today include ‘ball-shaped’ and ‘globe’ and ‘orb.’

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
spherical shape
subordinate to
dietary supplement, supplemental information
suspension of
team with, team goals, teamed with

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

The sculpture was quite odd. It was a large ______________ shape with a lightshow coming out from the middle. (sphere, supplement)
When you buy medicines there is a bit of information on the packaging, but usually there is also a lot of ______________ information inside the pack. (team, supplement)
Paul was _______________ with Anthony and Luke for this exercise. (subordinate, team)
Sales of the product were _______________after multiple complaints from the public.(suspend, sphere)
In previous generations women were considered to be ______________ if they disagreed with their husbands, brothers or fathers. (suspend, subordinate)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. insubordinate 3. teamed 2. supplementary 1. spherical 4. suspended

106 (SUBLIST 9)

‘Revolution’ has a couple of different meanings. Firstly it means to go around. We could count the revolutions a tyre makes per minute. Secondly it means to bring in something new. It could be new thinking or it could be a new government. There could be a revolution in education or in medicine. Often the meaning is linked with the idea of protesting against a government.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
restrained behaviour, restrained by, restrain myself
revolt against
rigidity of
route to, route through

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

Sometimes you want to show a child how to do something, but you have to show ______________ because they need to discover things themselves. (rigid, restrain)
He lacks flexibility; there is a certain ______________ to his outlook and behaviour. (rigid, revolution)
Back in the 1980s first wordprocessors and then computers _______________ office work.(restrain, revolution)
There are a number of different _______________ for the way that we can manage the problem, but I prefer one of the low-tech solutions. (route, scenario)
The highway is blocked due to an accident, so police are ______________ traffic. (route, scenario)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. rerouting 3. revolutionised 2. rigidity 1. restraint 4. scenarios

105 (sublist 9)

‘Protocol’ is a code for behaviour or steps to take in a range of situations.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
preliminary findings, preliminary results
protocol for
qualitative research
refined sugar, unrefined sugar
relax before, relax when, relax prior to

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

According to the advertising, the new beds provide a ______________ different level of comfort. (protocol, qualitative)
Do you know the ______________ for greeting a member of the royal family? (refine, protocol)
_______________ products such as white flour and sugar are not good for our health. (refine, preliminary)
I get so stressed at work sometimes that I’ve started listening to _______________ tapes.(relax, qualitative)
The ______________ results suggest that cancer may be present. (preliminary, relax)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. preliminary 3. Refined 2. protocol 1. qualitative 4. relaxation

104 (SUBLIST 9)

In its noun form ‘portion’ means a part or section of something. In its verb form it means to divide something into sections. As a verb it is most commonly used in terms of serving food. You can portion out a baked dish.

It can also take the prefix ‘pro’ to make the word proportion. This means one section compared to the whole. A small proportion of students prefer to wear uniforms.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
mutually beneficial, mutually acceptable
normed for
overlap with, overlap of
passive towards, passive behavior
portion of, portion out

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

______________ cigarette smoke is believed to cause cancer. (passive, mutual)
Every semester they have to ______________ out the workload amongst the staff. (norm, portion)
This schedule won’t work as these two flights are _______________. (overlap, passive)
Arriving at 9am is the _______________, but some people regularly arrive at work 10 or 20 minutes later. (overlap, norm)
The agreement the companies reached is ______________ beneficial. (mutual, portion)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. mutually 3. overlapping 2. portion 1. Passive 4. norm

103 (SUBLIST 9)

‘Mature’ can have several slightly different meanings. As a verb it means the process of becoming ‘ripe’ or ‘adult.’ As an adjective it means that the item or person is already ‘ripe’ or ‘adult.’

We can put the prefix ‘im’ on it and it means ‘not mature.’ We can put the prefix ‘pre’ on it and it means ‘too early’ or ‘not ready.’

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
maturation of
mediation session
militarised zone

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

The two staff members got on much better after a ______________ session helped them to put their differences into perspective. (mediate, medium)
Water paints are fun, but my favourite ______________ is oil paint. (mature, medium)
In some countries it is compulsory for young men to spend a period of time in the _______________. (military, mediate)
She is only 12, but she behaves so _______________ that people mistake her for being somewhat older. (minimal, mature)
Recycling will only have a ______________ on the environment; we need to do a lot more.(minimal, military)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. minimal 3. military 2. medium 1. mediation 4. maturely

102 (SUBLIST 9)

If something is ‘integral’ it is a key part of something. A clean water supply is integral to our survival.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
inherent to
insight into, insightful about
integral aspect, integral part, integral to
manual dexterity

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

Fitness is ______________ bound up in a fireman’s job. (integral, manual)
The software course is targeted at ______________ level learners. (insight, intermediate)
Many low-paid _______________ jobs have disappeared from the economy. (manual, inherent)
There are _______________ risks in investing in that industry. (inherent, intermediate)
She has had a lot of experience working with older patients and is quite ______________ about their needs. (integral, insight)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. insightful 3. manual 2. intermediate 1. integrally 4. inherent

101 (SUBLIST 9)

‘Found’ has several meanings. It is the past of ‘find’ and it also means ‘to begin something.’ If you ‘found’ a company, it could mean that you were looking for it and now you know where it is, but it can also mean that you started the company.

A ‘foundation stone’ is the first stone that is laid when a building is made. A ‘foundation’ can be the bottom of a building, or it can be an organization that collects and gives money for charitable purposes.

It can be used metaphorically to talk about an argument, ‘His argument has no foundation.’ That means it isn’t based on any relevant facts.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
duration of
erosion of
ethical treatment, ethical behavior,
foundation of, founded on

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

Coastal ______________ is a problem in Australia where some populated areas are increasingly disappearing into the sea. (erode, format)
This brand of house paint is more ______________ than most; it withstands heat, sun and rain. (duration, erode)
She started a _______________ for orphans. (ethic, found)
I need to _______________ this document because the layout doesn’t look right like this.(format, found)
There is a lot of debate about how to treat animals ______________. (duration, ethic)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. ethically 3. foundation 2. durable 1. erosion 4. format

100 (SUBLIST 9)

Words can sometimes have two completely different meanings. For example as a verb ‘converse’ can mean ‘to talk with someone,’ but as a noun it means ‘the opposite.’

They conversed for hours about old times. (talked)
Brian was happy with the change, but for the majority of the staff, the converse was true. (the opposite)

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
conversation about, conversant with
devotion to, devote time to something, devoted to
diminution of, diminishing returns
distortion of, distortion to

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

There are so many new ______________ out on the market these days; it’s impossible to keep up. (device, distort)
What she says is not right; it’s a ______________ of the facts. (converse, distort)
I’m not fully _______________ with the new regulations. (converse, diminish)
She’s a yoga _______________ ; she’s been studying for years. (devote, device)
Oil seems to have been bringing ______________ returns for the last several years. (devote, diminish)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. diminishing 3. conversant 2. distortion 1. devices 4. devotee

99 (SUBLIST 9)

‘Confines’ are things that limit you. If you are sick, you might be confined to bed. If you are a prisoner, you will be confined to a cell. If you have a lot of talent, you may find it hard to be confined to a boring job.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
commence soon, commencement of
compatible with, are incompatible
concurrent with, concurrent to, run concurrently
confinement of, confined to

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

You can have several different operating systems on your computer ______________. (concurrent, controversy)
In some cultures women are ______________ to the house for several weeks after the birth of a baby. This gives them time to rest. (compatible, confine)
The changes to working hours were accepted by most of the staff and were fairly _______________. (commence, controversy)
Most people think that orange and purple are _______________; what do you think? (confine, compatible)
The meeting will stop now and ______________ in two hours. (commence, concurrent)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. recommence 3. uncontroversial 2. confined 1. concurrently 4. compatible

98 (SUBLIST 9)

‘Behalf’ means ‘for someone’ else in the sense of representing the other person. It is only used with a few particular words:

on behalf of
in behalf of (American English)
on her/his/their behalf

The teacher spoke on behalf of the principal.
The principal could not be there, so the teacher spoke on her behalf.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
on behalf of
bulk order, to bulk up, the bulk of
cessation of fighting, incessant noise
coherence of
coincide with

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

Both teachers have the same family name, but it is just ______________; they are not related. (coincide, cease)
She was very upset and as a result her story was somewhat _______________. (coherent, coincide)
The holiday period _______________ when the cannon is fired. (behalf, cease)
The _______________ of the population are concerned about climate change, but still the politicians do nothing. (bulk, coherent)
On ______________ of the entire school, the principal thanked all of the volunteers. (bulk, behalf)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. behalf 3. ceases 2. incoherent 1. coincidence 4. bulk

97 (SUBLIST 9)

‘Attain’ basically means ‘get,’ but it is used in specific contexts. Usually you attain something that you work towards. You could attain your Ph.D after many years of study, or you could attain the number one position on the soccer ladder after playing and winning many games.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
accommodate someone’s request
analogous situation, analogous to
in anticipation of, unanticipated consequences
assurance of
attainment of, attainable goals, unattainable goals

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

Often to explain a tricky concept to students a lecturer will use an ______________ situation. (anticipate, analogy)
Despite all of his ______________ he didn’t ever contribute a single dollar to the children’s upbringing after the divorce. (assure, accommodate)
Because of her disability she needed a lot of changes in the workplace. Her new company was very _______________. (accommodate, attain)
I was watching a video that said that our dreams are all _______________ if we only continue to strive for them. (analogy, attain)
Farmers need to be able to ______________ weather patterns in order to plant and harvest at the optimal times. (assure, anticipate)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. anticipate 3. accommodating 2. assurances 1. analogous 4. attainable

SUBLIST 8 SUMMARY

This is a summary of the words we’ve been looking at for the last two weeks.

Academic Word List – Sublist 8

96 (SUBLIST 8)

Virtual friendships via social media are widespread these days.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
vehicular traffic
virtual reality, virtually there
visual media, visually impaired
widespread panic

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

We went from Germany to the Netherlands ______________ Belgium. (via, widespread)
Opportunities for young people are ______________ non-existent in the public service these days. (visual, virtual)
_______________ impairment can make a lot of ordinary things difficult. (visual, vehicle)
When there are rumours of financial collapse, there can be _______________ panic.(widespread, via)
In some countries ______________ are no longer allowed on the road once they are 10 years old. (virtual, vehicle)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. vehicles 3. Visual 2. virtually 1. via 4. widespread

95 (SUBLIST 8)

‘Tense’ comes from the Latin words ‘tendere’ and ‘tensus’ which meant ‘stretched.’ It came into English in the 17th century and was used to talk about our emotions in 1821 when there was a reference to ‘nervous tension.’

Of course today it is also used to talk about the different forms of a verb (present perfect tense, simple past tense and so on).

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
tension between, tension caused by, tense moment
termination pay, bus terminus, terminal cancer, interminable nagging, terminally ill
theme of, sub-theme of
and thereby achieve
uniform approach, uniform design

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 95

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

She lost her job, but at least the ______________ pay was good. (uniform, terminate)
IELTS students don’t usually perform ______________ across all four skills. (uniform, tense)
There was a _______________ moment in the conversation when it seemed that the leader was insulted by a comment the journalist made. (theme, tense)
He didn’t score any goals in the last game _______________ losing his position as top goal-scorer in the competition. (thereby, terminate)
Throughout his time as Prime Minister, there has been an ongoing ______________ of disparaging all ideas related to development of renewable energy. (theme, thereby)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. theme 3. tense 2. uniformly 1. termination 4. thereby

94 (SUBLIST 8)

‘Revise’ comes from a combination of two latin words: ‘re’ meaning ‘again’ and ‘visere’ meaning ‘to see.’ The common usage today means ‘to look at something again.’

Students revise their notes before an exam. Lecturers revise their course content every year. Books are published in revised editions.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
random event, randomly assigned
reinforce the numbers, reinforce the strength
restoration services, restorative dentistry
revision sheet, revision week, revision of
scheduled event, schedule for, schedule of, unscheduled stop

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 94

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

The plane was several hours late because it made an ______________ stop in Bolivia due to engine trouble. (schedule, revise)
Albert ______________ his study plans after he realized he had done so well in the exams and could enter medicine with his marks. (revise, schedule)
Her dental bill was expensive because she had to have some _______________ work done. (restore, random)
Students were _______________ assigned to groups. (random, reinforce)
The staff at the Help Centre were busy all day with calls for assistance after the fires. They had to call for ______________ to take over after they had worked 12 hours straight. (restore, reinforce)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. reinforcement/reinforcements 3. restorative 2. revised 1. unscheduled 4. randomly

93 (SUBLIST 8)

‘Practitioner’ is related to the word practice. Someone who ‘practices’ is a ‘practitioner.’ The most common usage is ‘medical practitioner’ which means doctor – someone who practices medicine. You can see that it doesn’t refer to a beginner; it refers to someone who is accomplished and/or qualified.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
plus-size
practitioner of, practitioner in
predominance of
prospect of, prospect for

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 93

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

The world needs to change______________ if it is going to survive climate change. (radical, predominant)
Herbert is a ______________ of natural medicine. (prospect, practitioner)
If you want to be an engineer, being good at maths is a real _______________. (practitioner, plus)
Toorak is a _______________ wealthy area of Melbourne. (predominant, radical)
We had hundreds of ______________ applicants for the job, but I’ve shortlisted only two. (plus, prospect)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. prospective 3. plus 2. practitioner 1. radically 4. predominantly

92 (SUBLIST 8)

‘Minimise’ is one of many words ending in ise/ize. The American spelling is with the Z and the British spelling is with the S. Both spellings are accepted in IELTS.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
manipulation of, manipulate by, manipulative behavior
minimum dose, minimum amount
nuclear power, nuclear device, nuclear attack
offset by

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 92

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

The cost of installing solar panels is ______________ by a government grant in some areas. (nuclear, offset)
Her ideas are great, but her essay is poorly ______________. (offset, paragraph)
If you take the band-aid off quickly, you’ll _______________ the pain. (manipulate, minimise)
Children seem to instinctively use bad behavior to _______________ their parents. (manipulate, minimise)
______________ accidents are a threat to the environment for thousands of kilometres around. (nuclear, paragraph)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. Nuclear 3. minimise 2. paragraphed 1. offset 4. manipulate

91 (SUBLIST 8)

‘Inevitable’ comes from a combination of two latin words:

evitare – avoid / evitabilis – avoidable
in – not

So it means something that ‘cannot be avoided.’ You can find the origins of words in Google. Just put in the word ‘etymology’ followed by the word you are looking for and it will give you a history of the word.

Eg. etymology inevitable

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
induction of, inductive reasoning
inevitable consequence
inspection of
increasing intensity, intensity of, intense concentration

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 91

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

Many older cities were not designed for their current populations and the ______________ is inadequate. (infrastructure, induce)
In Australia if you rent a house, the agent does an______________ every three months or so. (inspect, intense)
Many illegal, recreational drugs _______________ a feeling of paranoia. (inevitable, induce)
If you are persistent and keep aiming for your goals you will almost _______________ succeed. (inevitable, inspect)
We are doing ______________ exercise and training before our hiking trip to the Andes. (intense, infrastructure)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. intensive / intense 3. induce 2. inspection 1. infrastructure 4. inevitably

90 (SUBLIST 8)

If you ‘exploit‘ something, you use it fully. This word is often used in a negative context. We can talk about the wealthy exploiting the poor or employers exploiting workers, or rich countries exploiting cheap, imported labour. A more positive usage is to talk about exploiting an opportunity to the fullest. (I plan to study in Edinburgh next year and I’ll exploit the opportunity fully. = I’ll do and learn and see as much as I can.)

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
contradictory advice, contradiction of
crucial information, non-crucial functions, crucially important
currency market, available currency
detection of, detect by, detect with

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 90

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

Do you know what accents above the letter ______________ in French? (denote, detect)
Despite the Euro there are different ______________ in different parts of Europe. (contradict, currency)
It’s hard for children to know what to do sometimes because the many adults around them often give _______________ advice. (contradict, crucial)
In Australia sniffer dogs are used at airports for _______________ illegal goods. (denote, detect)
During times of severe drought all ______________ water usage must be eliminated. (detect, crucial)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. non-crucial 3. contradictory 2. currencies 1. denote 4. detecting

89 (SUBLIST 8)

To ‘deviate’ means to do something that is not expected or not normally done. We often think of it as a pathway. Most people stay on the pathway, but some people deviate from the path. ‘Deviant’ has a much stronger meaning though. It is generally seen to be a negative thing. We use it when someone does something that is disapproved of and is inappropriate. It often refers to someone’s behavior. We can say that someone is a deviant or that their behaviour is deviant.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
deviation from, deviant behaviour, deviate from
displace from, displaced persons
dramatic event, be dramatic, change dramatically, take a dramatic turn
exhibition of

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 89

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

Tram conductors were ______________ from their jobs by ticket machines several years ago. (deviate, displace)
Events in parliament have taken a ______________ recently. (drama, eventual)
Left handers often _______________ advanced skills in the arts and sciences. (displace, exhibit)
The election took a long time to decide, but the new leader was _______________ announced. (eventual, dramatic)
She has been single-minded throughout her studies; never ______________ from her goals. (deviate, exhibit)

Answers (in the wrong order)

deviating 3. exhibit 2. dramatic 1. displaced 4. eventually

88 (SUBLIST 8)

To ‘detect’ something means to find or notice something. You can see that meaning when you think about the word ‘detective.’ You can also detect a smell, or detect contempt or joy.

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 88

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

Do you know what accents above the letter ______________ in French? (denote, detect)
Despite the Euro there are different ______________ in different parts of Europe. (contradict, currency)
It’s hard for children to know what to do sometimes because the many adults around them often give _______________ advice. (contradict, crucial)
In Australia sniffer dogs are used at airports for _______________ illegal goods. (denote, detect)
During times of severe drought all ______________ water usage must be eliminated. (detect, crucial)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. non-crucial 3. contradictory 2. currencies 1. denote 4. detecting

87 (SUBLIST 8)

Two words that are frequently confused are ‘compliment’ and ‘complement.’ Do you know the difference? If not, check them in your dictionary. How can you remember which is which? Some people find a pneumonic that works for them. For example, ‘i like compliments.’

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
clarification of, clarify by
commodity prices
complement to, complementary approach
conform to
contemporary with, contemporary of

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 87

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

Brian’s very creative and Samantha is very methodical. They have ______________ approaches that make them good business partners. (conform, complement)
She’s always been a bit of a ______________ ; if you say ‘do this’ she’ll do something else instead. (conformist, clarify)
The initial instructions were unclear, so she_______________ them for me. (commodity, clarify)
I really like _______________ fashion, it seems to have taken the best from the 60s, 70s and 80s. (complement, contemporary)
Coal is a major______________ in Australia. (contemporary, commodity)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. commodity 3. clarified 2. non-conformist 1. complementary 4. contemporary

86 (SUBLIST 8)

A ‘chart’ is a map of something. If something is ‘uncharted’ it means that we have no map for it and we don’t really know what to do. If we ‘chart’ something, then we are creating a record or map. Sometimes knowing one form of a word doesn’t really give us a clear idea of what the other forms may mean. So you need to work on checking meanings and thinking about them.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
in appreciation of, appreciative of, appreciative for, accepted appreciatively, nodded appreciatively
arbitrary decision
automated response
bias towards, biased about, to bias something, unbiased decision
chart of, to chart something, uncharted territory

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 86

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

A lot of test marking these days can be ______________ , but I’m not sure that that’s the best way to go. (appreciate, automate)
There was little evidence for either side of the argument, so in the end it was an ______________ decision to implement the new ruling . (chart, arbitrary)
As far as the climate goes, we are really in _______________ territory; it is beyond human experience. (arbitrary, chart)
The company was very _______________ of all his hard work. (appreciate, bias)
In politics and in government it is very difficult to have an official enquiry into something without the process being ______________ in some way. (bias, automate)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. biased 3. uncharted 2. arbitrary 1. automated 4. appreciative

85 (SUBLIST 8)

If you ‘accumulate’ things, you collect them. It can be accidental or deliberate. You accumulate wrinkles when you get older. You accumulate experience. You can accumulate degrees and qualifications. You can accumulate wealth.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
an accompaniment, to accompany, accompanied by
accumulation of
ambiguity in, ambiguous statement
an appendage, append to, appended to, appended by

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 85

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

The instructions were ______________ ; it was very clear what you were supposed to do. (ambiguous, accumulate)
It wasn’t one incident that caused him to resign, it was an ______________ of issues.(accumulate, append)
It is unusual in a western wedding for a woman to arrive _______________. (abandon, accompany)
Many pets are _______________ during the holiday season. (abandon, ambiguous)
She ______________ a number of documents to her report. (accompany, append)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. appended 3. unaccompanied 2. accumulation 1. unambiguous 4. abandoned

SUBLIST 7

Do you know all of these words? If you have been checking this site for the last two weeks, you should because we’ve been looking at the vocabulary from Sublist 7 of the Academic Word List. Here’s a summary of the words.

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List

84 (sublist 7)

The word ‘transmitted’ is often used when talking about diseases or about power. Diseases can be transmitted from one person to another. Power is transmitted from central power stations along cables to our homes.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
transmit electronically, transmitted from, transmitted from
ultimate goal, ultimate desires, the ultimate, be unique, totally unique, by no means unique, far from unique
visible to the naked eye, totally visible, become visible, no longer visible, visible to, visible from
completely voluntary

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 84

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

She was shaking and quite ______________ upset by his harsh words. (transmit, visible)
Back in the 1960s and 1970s television ______________ stopped at around 10pm every night. (visible, transmit)
Bruce has always done a lot of _______________ work in the sports community. (voluntary, ultimate)
It’s hard to find _______________ clothes these days, everything is mass produced. (unique, voluntary)
We can encourage our children, but ______________ they will make their own choices in life. (unique, ultimate)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. ultimately 3. voluntary / volunteer 2. transmission 1. visibly 4. unique

83 (SUBLIST 7)

‘Successor’ is an interesting word. It means the person who takes a position after another person. The verb form may be a little confusing as it can also have another meaning.

to succeed = to be successful
to succeed = to take a position after another person

‘Obama succeeded Bush as President of the USA.’

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
willingly submit, be willing to submit, submit to
likely successor, appoint a successor
have a thesis, write a thesis, central thesis
broad topic, research topic, discuss a topic, a range of topics

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 83

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

She has to write a 20,000 word ______________ before she qualifies. (thesis, topic)
Azmie was our first Director and he was ______________ by Alia. (succeed, survive)
When you study anthropology there is a range of interesting _______________ you can choose from. (successor, topic)
I _______________ my CV to the personnel department yesterday. (thesis, submit)
She is one of the growing number of cancer______________. (survive, submit)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. survivors 3. topics 2. succeeded 1. thesis 4. submitted

82 (SUBLIST 7)

‘Somewhat’ is a useful word. It means ‘a little bit’ and has the function of qualifying an adjective.

She is somewhat taller than Mary.
It is somewhat more expensive.
Things have changed somewhat since I was a child.
I was somewhat surprised to hear that he had resigned.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
immediate release, early release, release from, a feeling of release
throw into reverse, reverse of policy
be designed to simulate, try to simulate
sole survivor, leather sole, the soles of your feet
somewhat puzzled, somewhat delayed, somewhat unusual, differs somewhat from, looks somewhat like

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 82

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

Pilots spend a lot of time with a flight ______________ before they are licensed to fly a particular plane. (simulate, release)
I think Paul looks ______________ like Tom Cruise; what do you think? (somewhat, simulate)
She was poor as a child, but had a _______________ of fortune in her later years. (somewhat, reverse)
4. She found a _______________ version of the movie; it had a different ending to the final copy. (sole, release)
This book is useful for _______________ jazz guitarists. (sole, reverse)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. solo 3. reverse 2. somewhat 1. simulator 4. pre-release

81 (SUBLIST 7)

Do you know how to identify a passive structure? Do you know how to handle the verb in a passive sentence? If not, make sure you find out. In the exercise below there are a couple of passive verbs.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
widespread phenomenon, recent phenomenon, cultural phenomenon
high priority, have priorities, take priority over, order of priorities
strictly prohibit, expressly prohibit
scheduled for publication, at the time of publication, recent publication, publication date, publication about
famous quote, direct quote, get a quote, a quote for

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 81

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

Wouldn’t it be interesting if one day ______________ manuscripts by William Shakespeare were found. (publish, prohibit)
Smoking is ______________ by law in restaurants and public areas. (prohibit, phenomenon)
In an academic essay of 2,500 words, it would be appropriate to have up to five _______________ . (publication, quote)
There has been a _______________ increase in the number of people taking public transport recently. (priority, phenomenon)
Older people should have ______________ for seats on public transport. (quote, priority)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. priority 3. quotations / quotes 2. prohibited 1. unpublished 4. phenomenonal

80 (SUBLIST 7)

Sometimes the singular and plural of a word can be a bit tricky. ‘Media’ is plural and is the most common form. The singular is … can you guess …? It is ‘medium.’

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
intervene on behalf of, powerless to intervene, intervene in, attempt to isolate, try to isolate, broadcast media, mass media, media attention, access to the media, role of the media, media attention, media circus, distance mode, use another mode, mode of transport, mode of address, mode of communication, the dominant paradigm, a paradigm shift

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 80

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

Some people need ______________ or a quiet environment to be able to gather their thoughts and write. (media, isolation)
My favourite ______________ of transport within a city have always been the tram and the train. (isolate, mode)
Sometimes you have to let children make their own mistakes; you shouldn’t _______________. (intervene, paradigm)
There has been a _______________ shift from a welfare-based society to a finance-based society. (paradigm, intervene)
Newspapers were originally a ______________for communication, but some people argue that today they are used primarily for propaganda. (mode, media)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. medium 3. intervene 2. mode 1. isolation 4. paradigm

79 (SUBLIST 7)

To use vocabulary correctly you need to be very familiar with it. You become familiar with it by using it. When words are new, always use them in your daily diary writing and try to bring them into your conversation too.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
appear identical, identical to, dominant ideology, capitalist ideology, religious ideology, can infer, to infer, require us to innovate, insert carefully, insert between, insert into, insert in, insert through

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 79

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

1. The pin didn’t open it the first time, so I had to ______________ it. (infer, insert)

2. Many of the disputes around the world today are due to the many differing religious ______________. (innovate, ideology)

3. With the information given it is not possible to make any _______________. (infer, ideology)

4. This shirt is _______________ to the one you wore to the wedding. (identical, insert)

5. The ______________ with this printer is that its colour cartridges last much longer and the print surface is more like a photo. (identical, innovate)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. innovation 3. inferences 2. ideologies 1. reinsert 4. identical

78 (SUBLIST 7)

Always be aware of the little details in your writing. Did you remember to put the ‘s’ on a plural noun?

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
charitable foundation, establish a foundation, without foundation, lay the foundations, span the globe, around the globe, globe trotter, every corner of the globe, lifetime guarantee, cast iron guarantee, personal guarantee, demand a guarantee, give a guarantee, social hierarchy, move up the hierarchy

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 78

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

They laid the ______________ of the buildings on January 1, 2012. (grade, foundation)
They gave their staff cast iron ______________ that they would still have jobs in two years time. (guarantee, foundation)
Moving up the _______________ in a large organization can be a slow process. (globe, hierarchy)
She’s been to so many countries; she’s a real _______________ trotter. (globe, hierarchy)
You need high ______________to enter medicine. (guarantee, grade)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. grades 3. hierarchy 2. guarantees 1. foundations 4. globe

77 (SUBLIST 7)

Using words incorrectly will lose you marks in the speaking test. So learn the meanings and practice using the words in a diary.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
empirical research, empirical evidence, well equipped, equipped with, extract from, natural extract, plant extract, file under, file with, file out, file past, formally file a complaint, is finite, a finite number of

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 77

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

She has only been studying medicine for a few months, she’s ______________ to practice medicine in developing countries at the moment. (finite, equip)
Is that an ______________ from her latest book? (file, extract)
She spends her life travelling around the world, she must have an _______________ supply of money. (empirical, finite)
Do they have _______________ evidence? (empirical, extract)
I couldn’t find the document because it was ______________. (file, equip)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. misfiled 3. infinite 2. extract 1. ill-equipped 4. empirical

76 (SUBLIST 7)

In the listening test you will hear a lot of synonyms. So you may know and understand the word in the question, but will you understand the same meaning, but a different word while you are listening. You need to have a wide vocabulary to do well in the listening test.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
strongly deny, try to deny, no-one could deny, impossible to differentiate, differentiate between, dispose of, try to dispose of, be dynamic, remain dynamic, try to eliminate, take steps to eliminate, effectively eliminate

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 76

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

These colours both look black to me, but apparently one is blue and one is black. Can you ______________ ? (deny, differentiate)
Young people today have more _______________ income than young people in the past. (dynamic, dispose)
3. It was a _______________ performance. (dymanic, eliminate)
The bankers _______________ any wrongdoing. (deny, differentiate)
There is always risk in share trading; it can never be ______________. (dispose, eliminate)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. eliminated 3. dynamic 2. disposable 1. differentiate 4. denied

75 (SUBLIST 7)

In the IELTS speaking and writing tests a wide vocabulary will help you, but only if you use the words correctly. If you use them incorrectly, you will lose marks. So practise new vocab and develop confidence with it.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
be contrary, on the contrary, contrary to popular belief, recent convert, convert to, a happy couple, a couple of, present decade, throughout the decade, be definite, be definite about

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 75

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

The 1960s was a wild ______________ in the west. (decade, convert)
Australia ______________ to a new currency in 1966. (convert, contrary)
Albert often takes the _______________ point of view. (decade, contrary)
We’ll be living in Tasmania _______________ . (definite, couple)
I’ll be with you in a ______________ of minutes. (couple, definite)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. couple 3. contrary 2. converted 1. decade 4. indefinitely

74 (SUBLIST 7)

What are collocations? They are words that often go together.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
hazardous chemical, toxic chemical, agricultural chemical, all time classic, one of the classics, classic mistake, comprehensive insurance, be comprehensive, fully comprehensive, is comprised of, comprises of, try to confirm, unable to confirm, can confirm

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 74

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

He went to a posh private school and learnt all of the ______________. (comprehensive, classic)
Did you get ______________ of your appointment to the new position? (classic, confirm)
The police did a _______________ search of the area. (comprehensive, comprise)
My sister was brilliant at _______________ at school. (chemical, confirm)
The group ______________ drums, guitar, piano, sax and a singer. (comprise, chemical)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. comprised 3. comprehensive 2. confirmation 1. classics 4. chemistry

73 (SUBLIST 7)

The meanings of words develop and change over time. The word ‘channel‘ has been in use for 600 years. Originally it meant waterway (eg. small river). but later it came to mean waterpipe and then pipe and then way or ‘means of doing something.’ Five hundred years ago it was used to mean ‘information and trade’ and that evolved into the meaning we use today of radio or television channel. So today a ‘channel’ can be a large area of water like the English Channel, or it can be a central place for news and information like a television channel.

When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
successful adaptation, easily adapted, have to adapt, well adapted, adapted from
adult literacy, adult education
a strong advocate, advocate for
humanitarian aid, foreign aid, rely on aid, aid worker, come to someone’s aid, in aid of
television channel, change the channel, switch channel, normal channel, go through the right channels, shipping channel

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 73

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

Do you think ______________ begins at the age of 18 or at 21? (adult, adapt)
What was the charity run in ______________of? (channel, aid)
Workers today need to be able to _______________quickly to change. (adult, adapt)
Does he _______________ diet or exercise as the best method to attain fitness? (advocate, aid)
You can get legal advice in a number of ways, but it’s best to go through the right ______________. (channel, advocate)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. channels 3. adapt 2. aid 1. adulthood 4. advocate

72 (SUBLIST 6)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 72

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

If you ______________ your steps, you might figure out where you left your wallet. (trace, transport)
Her ______________ from student to lecturer has been remarkable. (underlie, transform)
A lot of thought and research _______________ the decision to relocate the business to Tasmania. (utility, underlie)
What is the _______________ system like in Vienna? (transport, transform)
The bus system in Brunei is not very popular, it is ______________. (trace, utilise)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. underutilised 3. underlies 2. transformation 1. retrace / trace 4. transport / transportation

71 (SUBLIST 6)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 71

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

She’s still ______________ from a back injury. (recover, subsidy)
Conversations in the test are ______________ , but they are not listened to unless there is a dispute. (tape, scope)
Living costs for older people are _______________ by taxes. (reveal, subsidise)
It was quite a _______________ when I realized that all of the funding came from the same source. (recover, reveal)
What’s the ______________ of the enquiry? Does it include whales? (scope, tape)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. scope 3. subsidised 2. taped 1. recovering 4. revelation

70 (SUBLIST 6)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 70

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

In the British legal system there is always the ______________ of innocence. (presume, overseas)
Both issues are important, but finding a replacement for Steve must take ______________ buying a new printer. (nevertheless, precede)
Some people argue that science and maths are unimportant. I believe that it is _______________ as they make such an important contribution to the world. (presume, rational)
She already had over 40 pairs of shoes, but _______________ she bought more.(nevertheless, precede)
When travelling ______________ always bring your passport. (rational, overseas)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. overseas 3. irrational 2. precedence 1. presumption 4. nevertheless

69 (SUBLIST 6)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 69

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

The ______________ of Education is planning major changes in the curriculum. (ministry, migrate)
The ______________ passing grade in this college is 50%. (neutral, minimum)
He is highly _______________ to study physics because he wants to be a scientist. (minimum, motivate)
My family _______________ to Australia in the 1950s. (migrate, motivate)
Some people argue that wnen you are in business, you need to find a way to ______________ any threats. (neutral, ministry)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. neutralise 3. motivated 2. minimum 1. Ministry 4. migrated

68 (SUBLIST 6)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 68

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

1. We’ve only got a short ______________ between the two meetings. (interval, instruct)
The program comes with a lot of ______________ material, but it’s so boring to go through it all. (instruct, lecture)
She _______________ in physics at the university. (intelligent, lecture)
Have you _______________ the survey data into Excel yet? (interval, input)
Some people don’t believe that animals have ______________. What do you think? (input, intelligent)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. intelligence 3. lectures 2. instructional 1. interval 4. input

67 (SUBLIST 6)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 67

Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.

Pension rates are ______________ to the cost of living. (incident, index)
There was some kind of ______________ at the shopping centre this morning. I don’t know what happened, but there were a lot of police around. (incident, initiate)
Parts of the old design were _______________ into the new logo design. (inhibit, incorporate)
The new guy at work shows a lot of _______________; he’ll do well I think. (initiate, inhibit)
Recording the meeting may make people feel _______________ and they’ll be less likely to express their real views. (incorporate, inhibit)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. inhibited 3. incorporated 2. incident 1. indexed 4. initiative

66 (SUBLIST 6)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 66

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

As we age our ______________decreases. (flexible)
And _______________ all assessments must be in by the due dates. (furthermore)
_______________ equality hasn’t been achieved yet. (gender)
The instructions can be _______________ as they are unnecessarily complicated. (ignore)
The low pay is a _______________ to becoming a teacher. (incentive)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. disincentive 3. Gender 2. furthermore 1. flexibility 4. ignored

65 (SUBLIST 6)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 65

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

The final product has ______________ our expectations. (exceed)
They sought_______________ opinion on how to manage their financial strategy. (expert)
She was given _______________ instructions on how to set up the lab. (explicit)
The new_______________ of countries has vowed to fight climate issues. (federal)
Most companies charge _______________ for accessing their data. (fee)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. fees 3. explicit 2. expert 1. exceeded 4. federation

64 (SUBLIST 6)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 64

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

With the extinction of plant and animal species, the planet is losing ______________.(diversity)
There is a lot of free ESL material in the public _______________. (domain)
Did you see the _______________ about coal mines in today’s newspaper? (edit)
I’d employ him. His skills would _______________ the work of the team. (enhance)
They inherited a rather large _______________. (estate)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. estate 3. editorial 2. domain 1. biodiversity 4. enhance

63 (SUBLIST 6)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 63

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

She is ______________ of doing the job because she doesn’t have basic driving skills.(capable)
When you _______________ another source, you need to acknowledge it, no matter what style of referencing you follow. (cite)
If everyone _______________ with the council laws on restricted water use, the supply will last longer. (cooperate)
Despite legislation minority groups are still _______________ against. (discriminate)
My computer always _______________ the time and date. (display)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. displays 3. cooperates 2. cite 1. incapable 4. discriminated

62 (SUBLIST 6)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 62

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

The students were given their third and final ______________ for the semester. (assign)
The documents are _______________ . (attach)
She is my favourite _______________. (author)
The _______________ process between a human and a pet can be quite quick. (bond)
The _______________ was to design a house that was self-sufficient in energy. (brief)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. brief 3. author 2. attached 1. assignment 4. bonding

61 (SUBLIST 6)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 61

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

Some mathematical concepts are a bit ______________ for younger children. (abstract)
Is that an _______________ representation of events? (accurate)
Was your argument _______________ ? (acknowledge)
Together they got an _______________ of 356. (aggregate)
How many shares were _______________ to the company? (allocate)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. allocated 3. acknowledged 2. accurate 1. abstract 4. aggregate

SUBLIST 5 summary

These are the 60 word families from Sublist 5 of the Academic Word List. It is a summary of the 12 cards below.

Academic Word List – Sublist 5

60 (SUBLIST 5)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 60

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

Many countries are ______________ from full reliance on fossil fuels to greater use of green energy. (transition)
There is a _______________ towards greater conservation of water resources. (trend)
Which _______________ of the book are you using? (version)
Many communities have _______________ arrangements for the sick, old and unemployed. (welfare)
_______________ the political right considers individual responsibility, the left considers communal responsibility. (whereas)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. Whereas 3. version 2. trend 1. transitioning 4. welfare

59 (SUBLIST 5)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 59

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

Her hair is ______________ by the most famous hairdresser in the city. (style)
To minimise sugar consumption, sugar in some recipes is _______________ with orange juice. (substitute)
She made a _______________ effort to improve her maths grades. (sustain)
A burning bra is _______________ of the feminist movement of the 1960s. (symbol)
You need to set high _______________ to ensure high achievement. (target)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. targets 3. sustained 2. substituted 1. styled 4. symbolic

58 (SUBLIST 5)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 58

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

The issue was ______________ through the courts and ended up costing the company a lot of money. (pursue)
Tax is set as a _______________ of earnings. (ratio)
He keeps applying for jobs, but gets rejection after _______________. (reject)
A lot of the government’s _______________ comes from taxes. (revenue)
A _______________ government is essential to the well-being of the population. (stable)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. stable 3. rejection 2. ratio 1. pursued 4. revenue

57 (SUBLIST 5)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 57

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

The building is ______________ to maximize sun exposure. (orient)
From their _______________ it is a simple matter of passing the test. (perspective)
_______________ measurement is a feature of the job. (precise)
She is a _______________ candidate for the new therapy. (prime)
Not only knowledge, but also _______________ factors come into play in the test situation. (psychology)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. psychological 3. Precise 2. perspective 1. oriented 4. prime

56 (SUBLIST 5)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 56

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

If you ______________ your CV you’ll have a better chance of getting an interview . (modify)
Email is _______________ in some workplaces. (monitor)
3. She _______________ extensively and built up a useful list of contacts. (network)
People have different _______________about what climate change means for our future. (notion)
The dual _______________ of the research were to uncover information about the mating habits of a particular species of frog and to look at the impact of habitat on the process. (objective)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. objectives 3. networked 2. monitored 1. modify 4. notions

55 (SUBLIST 5)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 55

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

The ______________ body requires two passport sized photos and a copy of bank statements. (licence)
I don’t understand why we have to have so many assessments in this course. It’s _______________. (logic)
There has been a _______________ increase in student enrolments over the lasts few semesters. (marginal)
I have to do another _______________ because I am applying for a new contract at work. (medical)
_______________ illness is a growing problem and is related to general life stress. (mental)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. Mental 3. marginal 2. illogical 1. licensing 4. medical

54 (SUBLIST 5)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 54

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

______________ changes have been made to airport security since 9/11. (fundamental)
To _______________ a good income, you generally need a good education to start with. (generate)
In some cultures the _______________ gap is bigger than it is in other cultures. (generation)
There are several _______________ to choose from. Which one do you like best? (image)
For health reasons salt should be added sparingly rather than _______________. (liberal)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. liberally 3. generation 2. generate 1. Fundamental 4. images

53 (SUBLIST 5)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 53

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

The ______________ from baby to adult is a long process. (evolve)
The _______________ of the Health Sciences buildings began three months ago. (expand)
Climate change _______________ insurance companies to greater risk than previously. (expose)
It is an old house with an _______________bathroom. (external)
The medical _______________ are adequately equipped to cope with most contagious outbreaks. (facility)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. facilities 3. exposes 2. expansion 1. evolution 4. external

52 (SUBLIST 5)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 52

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

A good IELTS result ______________ a student to study at a university in an English-speaking countries. (enable)
Some houses with solar panels actually produce surplus _______________. (energy)
When dealing with large numbers of people law _______________ is critical. (enforce)
Twins in utero sometimes don’t behave as separate _______________. (entity)
IELTS 6 is _______________ to B2 on the CEFR scale. (equivalent)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. equivalent 3. enforcement 2. energy 1. enables 4. entities

51 (SUBLIST 5)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 51

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

______________ times for doctors have been reduced to seven minutes. (consult)
She’ll be away for a few weeks, but she’ll still be _______________ by email. (contact)
The _______________ of the economy began 15 years ago. (decline)
It’s a long process with several _______________ steps that need to be taken. (discrete)
5. Whenever I write something, I always do several rough _______________. (draft)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. drafts 3. decline 2. contactable 1. Consultation 4. discrete

50 (SUBLIST 5)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 50

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

The arena was at full ______________ . (capacity)
Studying in a new country can be quite _______________. (challenge)
Insurance forms have so many _______________ and so much fine print that you never really know what you are signing. (clause)
Studying abroad is challenging, but a _______________ problem can be the use of a second language. (compound)
Many people are _______________ about issues of sexuality. (conflict)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. conflicted 3. clauses 2. challenging 1. capacity 4. compounding

49 (SUBLIST 5)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 49

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

Her daughter is ______________ inclined, but her two sons are more practically oriented. (academic)
When you move to a new country, you need to make a huge social _______________. (adjust)
She asked the dressmaker to make some _______________ to her wedding dress because she had lost weight. (alter)
Some _______________ were recently made to the university rules and regulations regarding student attendance . (amend)
Children don’t usually develop an _______________ of their shadow until they are about two or three years old. (aware)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. awareness 3. alterations 2. adjustment 1. academically 4. amendments

SUBLIST 4 SUMMARY

These are the 60 word families from Sublist 4 of the Academic Word List.

Academic Word List – Sublist 4

48 (SUBLIST 4)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 48

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

She is quite ______________ about starting her new job. (stress)
Her first exam results were very good and her _______________ exam results were even better. (subsequent)
How would you _______________ up your point of view? (sum)
I only saw the _______________, but it made the article seem quite interesting. (summary)
It is quite a dangerous _______________. (undertake)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. undertaking 3. sum 2. subsequent 1. stressed 4. summary

47 (SUBLIST 4)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 47

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

Conflict ______________ is an important element of marriage counselling. (resolve)
I have a mind like a sieve today, I can’t _______________ any of the information I’ve been given. (retain)
There has been a _______________ management changes in the company in the last 12 months. (series)
_______________are sometimes misleading. (statistic)
Medical doctors still enjoy high _______________ in most countries. (status)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. status 3. series 2. retain 1. resolution 4. Statistics

46 (SUBLIST 4)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 46

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

He was given the job because he has ______________ experience in the area.( prior)
The teaching _______________ is highly respected in many countries. (profession)
_______________ losses for this year are alarming. (project)
Have you seem the _______________material for the new Star Wars movie? (promotion)
5. There have been several _______________ changes and a lot of upheaval in that part of the world in the last few years. (regime)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. regime 3. Projected 2. profession 1. prior 4. promotional

45 (SUBLIST 4)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 45

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

Train lines are a classic example of things that are______________ to one another. (parallel)
When writing an academic paper, there are several _______________ that need to be considered. (parameter)
The new education reforms are being _______________ in over the next three years. (phase)
Many conflicting _______________are being made about the impact of climate change. (predict)
The _______________ reason for the education reforms is the high student absence rates. (principal)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. principal 3. phased 2. parameters 1. parallel 4. predictions

44 (SUBLIST 4)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 44

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

The shipment hasn’t arrived yet, so ______________ all of our deliveries will be late too. (obvious)
There are a lot of disputes around the world over _______________ territories. (occupy)
3.This is a bargain price for the camera, and it has an _______________ second lens. (option)
4.The workers’ _______________ is increasing, but so are stress levels. (output)
5.The _______________ trend is towards increased poverty. (overall)

Answers (in the wrong order)
5. overall 3. optional 2. occupied 1. obviously 4. output

43 (SUBLIST 4)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 43

The department decided to handle the matter ______________ rather than escalate it to the next level.(internal)
She’s an_______________ reporter for CNN. (investigate)
Her _______________ has many great benefits.(job)
Children need to have their clothes and belongings _______________so that they don’t get lost at school. (label)
How do I know when I’ve used all of my phone credit? What’s the _______________ for informing me? (mechanism)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. mechanism 3. job 2. investigative reporter 1. internally 4. labelled

42 (SUBLIST 4)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 42

______________ speaking, it is possible for humans to live on Mars. (hypotethical)
The new policies will be _______________ at the start of June next year. (implement)
The two brothers were _______________in the crime. (implicate)
Membership of a club generally _______________particular requirements on members. (impose)
The new maths subjects were _______________ into the curriculum. (integrate)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. integrated 3. implicated 2. implemented 1. Hypothetically 4. imposes

41 (SUBLIST 4)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 41

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

Is it human or mechanical ______________ that is responsible for most aviation accidents?(error)
A person’s _______________ can have a large influence on their life options. (ethnic)
What are your _______________ for the rest of this year? (goal)
A lot of research relies on _______________from government and industry. (grant)
He’ll be on leave for three months; _______________ we will need to replace him with a temp. (hence)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. hence 3. goals 2. ethnicity 1. error 4. grants

40 (SUBLIST 4)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 40

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

Many social issues in society are up for ______________. (debate)
He did well in the test _______________ not having studied very hard. (despite)
Three_______________ shapes can be hard to draw. (dimension)
Cats were probably the first animals to be_______________. (domestic)
When problems aren’t addressed adequately in the beginning, they tend to _______________. (emerge)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. re-emerge 3. dimensional 2. despite 1. debate 4. domesticated

39 (SUBLIST 4)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 39

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

In the last 20 years methods of ______________have been highly influenced by social media. (communicate)
Sometimes it is hard to _______________ on study. (concentrate)
The title of ‘Sir’ is _______________ on people who are deemed to have made an important contribution to British society. (confer)
When sporting matches are televised, the teams involved need to wear _______________ colours so that they can be distinguished easily. (contrast)
The _______________ of the seasons is affected by climate change. (cycle)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. cycle 3. conferred 2. concentrate 1. communication 4. contrasting

38 (SUBLIST 4)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 38

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

Some families have a very supportive ______________ towards their children’s education. (attitude)
If a painting is _______________ to a famous artist like Van Gogh, it will be worth a lot of money. (attribute)
Not only soldiers, but also _______________ can become victims of war. (civil)
Languages, mathematics and science are all types of _______________that people can learn and share. (code)
Not everyone who _______________ a crime is punished. (commit)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. commits 3. civilians 2. attributed 1. attitude 4. codes

37 (SUBLIST 4)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 37

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

Pete was given ______________ to the administration area because it is relevant to his work. (access)
In many countries welfare payments are so low they are _______________ for even basic needs. (adequate)
The government recently released the _______________ unemployment figures. (annual)
_______________some women don’t realise they are pregnant until the baby arrives. (apparent)
_______________ figures for the new project amount to around $1.2 million. (approximate)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. Approximate 3. annual 2. inadequate 1. access 4. Apparently

SUBLIST 3 – SUMMARY

These are the 60 word families on Sublist 3 of the Academic Word List.

Academic Word List – Sublist 3

36 (SUBLIST 3)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 36

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

I need a ______________ to look at my computer because it’s doing strange things again. (technical)
There are several different_______________ for writing an essay. (technique)
In many professions you need to keep training because _______________ is constantly changing. (technology)
Parking in this area usually costs $10, but if you get your ticket _______________ at one of the shops, it is free. (valid)
A large _______________ of oil spilled from the tanker polluting the local beaches. (volume)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. volume 3. technology 2. techniques 1. technician 4. validated

35 (SUBLIST 3)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 35

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

Did you know that there is a register of ______________ offenders? (sex)
He is working the morning _______________ this week. (shift)
Did you see the job_______________ for the supervisor position? (specific)
In the future wealthier people may be _______________in energy. (sufficient)
What is your_______________ in the enquiry? (task)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. task 3. specifications 2. shift 1. sex 4. self-sufficient

34 (SUBLIST 3)

IELTS VOCABULARY Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 34

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

Did you ______________ for the afternoon course in linguistics? (register)
She _______________ on her children to help around the house. (rely)
Did he_______________ the incorrect information from the meeting minutes? (remove)
What do you think about the student saving _______________ the government is proposing?(scheme)
I know all of the numbers, but I don’t know the right _______________ . (sequence)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. sequence 3. remove 2. relies 1. register 4. scheme

33 (SUBLIST 3)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 33

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

______________ discussions can be quite boring for many people. (philosophy)
_______________ he is in bad condition, but mentally he has remained quite positive. (physical)
A high _______________ of university students use social media regularly. (proportion)
Who is the _______________? (publish)
What is your_______________ to the new legislation? (react)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. reaction 3. proportion 2. Physically 1. Philosophical 4. publisher

32 (SUBLIST 3)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 32

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

The ______________ wage for this kind of work varies between $30 and $40 per hour. (maximise)
A _______________ of people take unfair advantage of discounts, but most people are fair in the way they use them. (minor)
There is so much _______________ about the economy these days that it’s depressing. (negative)
What was the _______________ of the court case about workers’ rights? (outcome)
To be successful online, it is a good idea to _______________ with other businesses marketing similar products. (partner)

Answers (in the wrong order below
5. partner 3. negativity 2. minority 1. maximum 4. outcome

31 (SUBLIST 3)

Academic Word Lists Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 31

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

In my diplomatic work I get to ______________ with people from many different cultures. (interact)
Do you think that a crime like theft can ever be _______________ ? (justify)
There are so many _______________ to his deception that I can’t work out fact from fiction. (layer)
In business it is important to make _______________ with the community. (link)
The family moved out a month ago. I think they _______________to a small town in the countryside. (locate)

Answers (in the wrong order below)
5. relocated 3. layers 2. justified 1. interact 4. links

30 (SUBLIST 3)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 30

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

The ______________ in children’s books are often very colourful. ( illustrate)
_______________ policy is changing quickly in some countries. (immigrate)
The Australian government is not doing much about climate change; _______________ in that is that they don’t believe it is a real threat. (imply)
Her _______________ response was one of disbelief. (initial)
For _______________ , wages have not kept pace with inflation. (instance)

Answers (in the wrong order below
5. instance 3. implicit 2. Immigration 1. illustrations 4. initial

29 (SUBLIST 3)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 29

28 (SUBLIST 3)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 28

27 (SUBLIST 3)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 27

26 (SUBLIST 3)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 26

25 (SUBLIST 3)

vocabulary25 Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 25

SUBLIST 2 – SUMMARY

These are the 60 word families on Sublist 2 of the Academic Word List.

Academic Word List – Sublist 2

24 (SUBLIST 2)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 24

23 (SUBLIST 2)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 23

22 (SUBLIST 2)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 22

21 (SUBLIST 2)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 21

20 (SUBLIST 2)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 20

19 (SUBLIST 2)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 19

18 (SUBLIST 2)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 18

17 (SUBLIST 2)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 17

16 (SUBLIST 2)

15 (SUBLIST 2)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 15

14 (SUBLIST 2)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 14

13 (SUBLIST 2)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 13

SUBLIST 1 – SUMMARY

These are the 60 word families from Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List.

Academic Word List – Sublist 1

12 (SUBLIST 1)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 12

11 (SUBLIST 1)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 11

10 (SUBLIST 1)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 10

9 (SUBLIST 1)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 9

8 (SUBLIST 1)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 8

7 (SUBLIST 1)

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 7

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

1.Have you had any ______________ yet of whether you were accepted into the program? (indicate)
2. These days glasses are _______________ checked for hidden cameras as part of the test security. (individual)
3.I must have _______________ that because I don’t understand. (interpret)
4.It is believed that the company managers were _______________ in fraudulent activities. (involve)
5.New driver licences are ______________ for 10 years. (issue)

ANSWERS (in the wrong order)
5. issued 3. misinterpreted 1.indication) 4. involved 2. individually

6 (SUBLIST 1)

Vocabulary, Academic Word List Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 6

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

1.If you listen to the ______________ news everyday your ability to hear numbers will improve. (finance)
2. A recipe is very similar to a _______________. (formula)
3.Children today are so involved with technology that some are socially _______________. (function)
4.Solving climate change problems requires much more than just _______________ the causes. (identify)
5.Many families have a problem when their ______________ doesn’t keep pace with their expenditure. (income)

ANSWERS (in the wrong order)
5. income 3. dysfunctional 1.financial (‘finance’ is also possible) 4. identifying 2. formula

5 (SUBLIST 1)

IELTS Vocabulary Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 5

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

1.If you ______________ good study habits, you can do well in IELTS. (establish)
2. Some scientists _______________ that the world’s population will reach over 11 billion by 2025. (estimate)
3.It is _______________ that nuclear power poses environmental risks. (evidence)
4._______________ figures for this month look promising. (export)
5.One important ______________ in the nuclear debates is the recent disaster in Japan. (factor)

ANSWERS (in the wrong order)
5. factor 3. evident 1. establish 4. export 2. estimate

4 (SUBLIST 1)

IELTS vocabulary Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 4

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

1.We’re spending too much money, we need to _______________. (economy)
2.The government is more concerned about finances than about _______________ considerations. (environment)
3.Many words are _______________ over time and take on very different meanings. (define)
4.A lot of words in English are _______________ from Latin and Greek. (derive)
5.Supermarkets have large ______________ networks. (distribute)

ANSWERS (in the wrong order)
5. distribution 3. redefined 1. economise 4. derived 2. environmental

3 (SUBLIST 1)

vocabulary3 Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 3

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

1.Children can sometimes find very _______________ solutions to problems. (create)
2.Metal _______________ in cold conditions. (contract)
3.The doctor said he has a strong _______________, and could live until he is 100. (constitute)
4.When doing fill-the-gap exercises like this you need to use _______________ clues. (context)
5.If you provide the information, I’ll ______________ the website for you. (create)

ANSWERS (in the wrong order)
5. create 3. constitution 1. creative 4. contextual 2. contracts

2 (SUBLIST 1)

vocabulary2 Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 2

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

1.Daily exercise is considered to be _______________ for the body. (benefit)
2.Governments generally ensure the _______________ of census data so that research and planning can take place. (available)
3.Some governments are reluctant to _______________, measures against climate change. (authority)
4.The evidence for climate change _______________ of years of research and data collection. (consist)
5.The effects of the recent changes to the law can be difficult to _______________ at first, but they will be explained more fully at a later date. (concept)

ANSWERS (in the wrong order)
5. conceptualise 3. authorise 1. beneficial 4. consists 2. availability

1 (SUBLIST 1)

‘Assess’ has a very similar meaning to ‘test’ and to ‘evaluate.’ When you are studying you may be given assessments, tests or evaluations.

Examples of usage:
We have an assessment tomorrow, have you studied?
How will the examiners assess our essays? What criteria will they use?

Collocations: When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
an analysis of, analyse by
approach by, a new approach
assessment by, assessment of
assumption that, assume that

Vocabulary for IELTS – Academic Word List 1

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the word.

1.Is is very difficult to make an _______________ of the evidence for and against climate change. (assess, approach )
2.People sometimes make the _______________ that housework is not valuable work. (assume analyse)
3. If we all take a section, we’ll be able to cover a large _______________. (area, assume)
4.His position makes him a little intimidating, but in fact he is quite _______________. (approach, assess)
5.Recent _______________ of test results throughout the world reveals that Taiwanese children are well advanced in their mathematical skills. (assume, analyse)